Alignment
The
proper alignment of a vehicle’s wheels involves three basic
factors: caster, camber, and toe.
Camber is the tilting of the wheels from the vertical when
viewed from the front of the vehicle. Positive camber is when
the wheels tilt outward at the top, negative when they tilt
inward at the top. Camber settings influence directional control
of the vehicle and tire wear.
Caster is the tilting of the uppermost point of the steering
axis either forward or backward when viewed from the side
of the vehicle. A backward tilt is positive, a forward tilt
negative. Caster influences directional control of the steering
but not tire wear.
Toe indicates how much the front and/or rear wheels are turned
in or out from a straight-ahead position, i.e., how much they
deviate from parallel. It is positive if the wheels are turned
in, negative if the wheels are turned out. If the toe alignment
is out, the result can be steering instability and premature
tire wear.
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